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Approaches to Management

 

Frederick W Taylor, is recognized as the father of scientific management.  His principles can be summarized as follows:

 

  • Replace the rules of thumb with scientific rules
  • Obtain a harmony in group action.
  • Achieve cooperation of human beings, rather than chaotic individualism.
  • Work for a maximum output.
  • Develop all workers to the fullest possible potential for their own highest possible prosperity.

 

Fayol regarded the elements of management as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling.  He believed that the operational management would succeed through the elements of management.

 

Hawthorne's studies brought out the theory that man is “Social Animal” operating in the socio-technical system and, therefore, the emphasis in effective management is on behavioral sciences. Chester Barnard advocated the theory of systems as an approach to the management. Barnard said that due to the physical and biological limitations of individuals, they cooperate in the work environment. The cooperation increases with effective and efficient incentives.

 

He further said that the cooperation is more effective if the members of the group communicate with one another, are willing to contribute to group action, and have a conscious common purpose.  He further said that a group of people in the system work as an organization. An effective management is possible if the organization is looked upon as a system of functions, a system of incentives, a system of authority and a direction and a system of logical decision making. The emergence of the modern management thought is credited to the social scientists, the behavioral scientists, the systems scientists and the practicing managers.

 

 

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