Chapter 2

 

Building Systems With Technology

 

What is a System?

 

A system consists of a number of interrelated components, only some of which are easily seen. For example, it is difficult to characterize the actions of individuals who re involved in making decisions as part of an information system. The flow of information and the processing of data by computer programmes and / or individuals can also be obscure.

 

One of the major tasks in systems analysis and design is to describe systems, both existing systems and proposed new systems. Later in this chapter we discuss some of the tools available for preparing descriptions of the systems, but first we present an overview of a system.

 

Information systems can be described by five of their key components:

  • Decisions
  • Transactions and processing
  • Information and its flow
  • Individuals or functions involved
  • Communications and coordination

 

It is difficult to observe the decision process, though we can see and review results of a decision. Transactions are usually more visible, though many current systems use computer programs, which are not easy to understand, to process transactions. In principle, an observer can see information and its flows.  Individuals can be observed too, but is not always easy to figure out what information processing functions they perform.  Systems also have implications for the way individuals communicate and for coordinating a firm's activities.